---

Introduction: Life skills play a significant role in adolescents' health promotion and have a positive effect on modifying their high- risk behaviors. A great deal of studies have shown that problem solving may affect on using drug behavior. The purpose of this study is determining adolescents problem solving skill and its relation with Ecstasy usage among adolescents of west of Tehran. Methods: In a cross-sectional (correlative) study. Eight- hundred of 16-18 years old adolescents residing in west Tehran participated in the study. The setting was public regions of west Tehran. Problem-solving skill was determined using ˝ problem solving inventory". Adolescents' usage of ecstasy was measured by a self-structured questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed by participants after obtaining an informed consent. Results : Finding revealed that most of participants ( 69.4 %) enjoyed good problem- solving skills. Findings indicated that 7.6 % of adolescents have experienced Ecstasy usage once at least. There was significant relationship between problem-solving skill and Ecstasy usage in adolescents (P= 0/001 ) . Discussion & Conclusion: Regarding the findings, it is recommended to reinforce life skills in adolescents by emphasizing the role of parents, peers and friends to prevent substance abuse. it also recommended that some programs to be executed regarding prohibited substances including Ecstasy and their complications to increase general information of public

---

Introduction: As the key element of each family, females play a pivotal role in the mental health of the family and the community. Females, more every other family member, suffer from the consequences of substance abuse. The current study aimed at investigating the effect of group logo therapy on resilience of spouses of male substance abusers and consequently improving mental health in them and their families.
Methods: The current clinical trial with a pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up design and a control group was conducted on the spouses of male substance abusers referring to private addiction treatment centers in Langroud, Iran; of which 33 subjects were randomly allocated to two experimental (n = 17) and control groups (n = 16). The experimental group received eight 90-minute sessions of group logo therapy with a six-day interval. The control group received no intervention during this period. Then, the two groups were re-evaluated for the resilience score. The Connor and Davidson resilience questionnaire was used as a pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up data collection form. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated measure ANOVA with SPSS version 21.
Results: The results generally demonstrated that the effect of group logo therapy on resilience of the subjects in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.0001).
Conclusions: The results of the current study were consistent with those of other similar studies indicating the effectiveness of group logo therapy in increasing the resilience of spouses of male substance abusers.
 

---

Introduction: Addiction is a disease that individual continuous repeated her Behavior that's bad side effect. Today increase of use drug is an increasing concern for all communities. Studies have shown there is a relationship between substance abuse and psychiatric disorders. This study was performed to compare rates of depression in patients with drug-dependent and non-dependent.
Methods: The present study was cross-sectional, descriptive – comparative, which has done in Qazvin, during 2009 – 2012. The study population was included 120 males (60 addicted and 60 normal subjects).Demographic information is completed with a demographic checklist. For study of depression rate, the Beck depression questionnaire was used. For statistical analysis, chi-square and t-test were applied.
Results: Study showed that depression severity comparison between the two groups was statistically significant and the severity of depression in patients with substance was more. Also association between demographic variable education level and employment status, with depression was statistically, significant. < 0.05.
Conclusions: According to the results of this study, since the depression in substance abusers were more compared with the normal group, therefore pay special attention to addicts in all levels of society is needed. Also due to the significant relationship between education level and employment status with addiction, should be in prevent or reduce drug abuse policies and programs, these factors paid more attention.
 

---

Introduction: Knowing some emotional components and personality traits underlying the tendency to use drugs among young people is highly sensitive; In this regard, this study investigates Formulation of a Model of Substance Use Tendency Based on Alexithymia and Impulsivity with the Mediation of Mentalization.
Methods: The present descriptive-correlation method was a type of structural equation modeling methods. The statistical population of the research was all the youth of Kermanshah city in 2023. For this purpose, 420 of these people were selected by convenience sampling method and answered The Iranian Addiction Potential Scale, Toronto alexithymia Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and Reflective Function Questionnaire. The data obtained from the considered questionnaires were analyzed by AMOS and SPSS version 23.
Results: The results showed that the assumed model of the current research has the necessary fit with the data. The results obtained from structural equation modeling indicated that the direct path of the variable of alexithymia (β = 0.63, T = 5.99), impulsivity (β = 0.37, T = 4.28), certainty (β= -0.66, T=-4.81) and uncertainty (β=0.62, T=-7.70) on the tendency to substance use were significant. Also, the indirect effect of alexithymia (P< 0.05, b = -0.39) and impulsivity (P< 0.05, b = -0.46) It was significant on the tendency to use substance through the mediating role of mentalization (certainty). In addition, the indirect effect of alexithymia (P< 0.05, b = 0.52) and impulsivity (P< 0.05, b = 0.60) It was significant on the tendency to use substance through the mediating role of mentalization (uncertainty).
Conclusions: Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that a coherent understanding of the components of alexithymia and impulsivity and especially mentalization in the pathology of addiction is a key element in the evaluation. And probably the clinical work with patients addicted to narcotic substance and also other people who tend to use substance.